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".Objectives: To test experimental television techniques designed to develop a worldwide meteorological satellite information system. Since satellites were a new technology, the TIROS Program also tested various design issues for spacecraft: instruments, data and operational parameters. Since satellites were a new technology, the TIROS Program also tested various design issues for spacecraft: instruments, data and operational parameters. Main mission: cloud imagery. (According to NASA, a malfunction in the satellite's guidance system placed it in a wide, elliptical orbit instead of a more circular one. TIROS 9 and ESSA 1 carried the same AVCS (Advanced Vidicon Camera System) as flown on previous TIROS mission, consisting of two 500 scan line TV cameras with 1.27 cm vidicons. At that time, the effectiveness of satellite observations was still unproven. The goal was to improve satellite applications for Earth-bound decisions, such as "should we evacuate the coast because of the hurricane? It also carried two identical wide-angle TV cameras for taking earth cloud cover pictures.
This mission was designed to maintain an operational TIROS in orbit for an extended period of time and to obtain improved data for operational use in weather forecasting during the northern hemisphere hurricane season.Objectives: Continue research and development of the meteorological satellite information system; prove TIROS could stay in orbit for an extended period of time; obtain improved data for use in weather forecasting during hurricane season; provide operational support for the Mercury-Atlas 8 launch on October 3, 1962.Objectives: Continue research and development of the meteorological satellite information system; obtain improved data for use in weather forecasting, especially during hurricane season.Objectives: Continued research and development of the meteorological satellite information system; flight test the Automatic Picture Transmission (APT) camera system and ground stations.Objectives: Test the "cartwheel" configuration; perform a polar orbit in preparation for the Weather Bureau's completely operational TOS (TIROS Operational Satellites) system.Objectives: Further the testing of the TIROS system in preparation of the weather Bureau's completely operational TOS (TIROS Operational Satellite) system, and to privde maximum satellite coverage during the 1965 hurricane season.The TIROS-N/NOAA Program (Television InfraRed Operational Satellite - Next-generation) was NASA's next step in improving the operational capability of the TIROS system first tried in the 1960's and the ITOS/NOAA system of the 1970's.
The satellite used a magnetic attitude spin coil (MASC) to control its attitude while in orbit. Television and Infra-Red Observation Satellite - 9 | 9th flight unit of the TIROS programme. This mission was designed to maintain an operational TIROS in orbit for an extended period of time and to obtain improved data for operational use in weather forecasting during the northern hemisphere hurricane season.Objectives: Continued research into and development of the meteorological satellite information system. These images were then transmitted directly to either of two ground receiving stations or stored in a tape recorder on board for playback at a later time if the spacecraft was beyond communication range.In addition, the satellite was instrumental in producing the first "photomosaic" of the world's cloud-cover, which was achieved via a composite of 450 photos taken on February 13, 1965.In all, TIROS-9 was operational for 1,238 days before being deactivated by NASA . The first image from the satellite was a fuzzy picture of thick bands and clusters of clouds over the United States. It was equipped with 2 independent television camera subsystems for taking cloudcover pictures, plus an omnidirectional radiometer and a five-channel scanning radiometerfor mea… )The spin-stabilized spacecraft took the form of an 18-sided right prism and was powered by approximately 9,000 silicon solar cells on its cover assembly that charged its 21 nickel-cadmium batteries. The goal was to improve sat… TIROS, in full Television And Infra-red Observation Satellite, any of a series of U.S. meteorological satellites, the first of which was launched on April 1, 1960.The TIROS satellites comprised the first worldwide weather observation system.
The TIROS Program (Television Infrared Observation Satellite) was NASA's first experimental step to determine if satellites could be useful in the study of the Earth.
The Ninth Flight of the TIROS program was a satellite of many firsts!Sunday, January 22, was the 52nd anniversary of the launch of TIROS-9, which rocketed into space on that date in 1965!Although TIROS-9 (TIROS being an acronym for Television and InfraRed Observation Satellite) was the 9th flight unit of the TIROS program, it was the first of the so-called "cartwheel" meteorological TV satellites (a reference to it's configuration) and the first satellite in the TIROS series to be placed in a near-polar orbit. Like earlier TIROS systems, NASA took responsibility for the satellite only until proven operational. TIROS-9 was a spin-stabilized meteorological spacecraft designed to test experimental television techniques and infrared equipment. On April 1, 1960, a satellite designed by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) launched to become the nation's first weather satellite. The TIROS Program (Television Infrared Observation Satellite) was NASA's first experimental step to determine if satellites could be useful in the study of the Earth. That satellite, the Television InfraRed Observational Satellite, or TIROS 1, operated for only 78 days but demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring Earth's cloud cover and weather patterns from space. To evaluate a new attitude control system for spacecraft orientation which utilizes the Earth's magnetic field.Objectives: Continued development of the experimental television techniques and infrared equipment leading to a worldwide meteorological information system. At that time, the effectiveness of satellite observations was still unproven.
Introduction of the sunsynchronous orbit. Because of a malfunction of the launching system, the actual orbit was elliptical with perigee 705 km and apogee 2582 km. Introduction of the "cartwheel" configuration.