12165 0 obj <> endobj %%EOF To understand this, consider the example of two cars approaching the same point from two different directions.If the relative velocity of these two cars remains constant as they move towards the same point (in technical terms, the bearing angle between these two cars does not change over time as they close in), then they are on a collision course and therefore bound to collide.In a proportional navigation system, the missile stays on a trajectory with a constant bearing angle to the target. 0000022787 00000 n This system also has two variants, namely Altitude Pursuit (AP) and Velocity Pursuit (VP).In AP, the axis of the missile is kept pointing towards the target, whereas in VP, the velocity vector of the missile is kept pointing at the target. 0000022522 00000 n The missile guidance computer scenario works as follows. 0000000016 00000 n 12172 0 obj<>stream However, thanks to technological development, there are now dedicated guidance systems in missiles that make them ‘pursue’ their chosen target until a hit is achieved.An air-to-air missile being launched from an aircraft (Image Source: Wikipedia.org)According to the ‘profile’ of the target, guidance systems can be classified into two types: Now, let’s take a look at the main systems that are currently being used to implement various guidance control rules in missiles.Commonly referred to as the LOS system, this type of control system consists of three components: a reference point (usually a radar station), a missile, and a target. However, it is sure where it isn't, within reason, and it knows where it was. If the missile has enough fuel to reach the target, maintains a decent relative velocity and stays on the beam, then it will make the hit.The most glaring limitation of LOS systems is that they are almost rendered useless in situations where the target is using evasive maneuvers. For example, a missile that relies on the radar transmission of the moving target is rendered useless if the target, say a fighter aircraft, has deployed countermeasures (like chaffs or corner reflectors) that interfere with the operation of the missile’s radar by saturating it with false information regarding its position.Heat-seeking missiles also lose their operational usefulness if the ‘profile’ of potential targets is not known in advance. Guided systems in missiles can be of various types, which serve different operational purposes.Missiles have been around for quite some time now. Such a system is also highly prone to sensor noise. These activities require enormous computational power; they also require very high computation speeds as well. Includes bibliographical references and index. The lack of a ‘man in the loop’ in such systems makes them prone to hurting innocent or uninvolved third parties.Proportional navigation is a guidance law that relies on the fact that two objects are bound to collide if their direct line of sight does not change as the range closes. Its mode of operation is also rather straightforward: the radar station tracks the target continuously (regardless of whether it’s moving or not) and emits a beam leading up to the target. If you're shooting from 25KM+ I beleive a target painter would be better. xref 0000000456 00000 n On today’s high-tech battlefields, we have guided missiles packed with explosive warheads that have become the devastating weapon of choice to destroy targets swiftly and with amazing accuracy.In this article, we’re going to explain how guided missiles work and how they follow moving targets in non-straight trajectories to hit them with incredible precision.A missile (used for the purposes of warfare) is basically a flying bomb that strikes its target with incredible precision. %PDF-1.6 %âãÏÓ In fact, humans have been using missiles – in various forms – for centuries. Missile Guidance Computer I; Astro-Inertial Compact Missile Guidance Computer; Cargo. Missile Guidance Computer II; Tech I. <<42EEBC405A535F438B05CBC1EAA06FC0>]>> 0000023171 00000 n Capacity: 1.0 MTQ 1.00 m 3: Fitting.

Earlier, satellites were simply larger and more powerful versions of regular bullets; they followed a relatively straight trajectory to hit their target, i.e., they didn’t have a system that could ‘guide’ them. Since most airborne targets involved in militaristic operations (like fighter jets) are rather good at climbing and diving swiftly, dodging LOS missiles is fairly easy for them. trailer Because a variation has modified some of the information the missile has obtained, it is not sure just where it is. Interestingly enough, missiles that use this guidance system are often quite aptly referred to as India’s NAG missile (Image Source: Wikipedia.org)Although the pure pursuit system is quite effective, it does have its limitations. Unlike the pursuit guidance system, such missiles don’t pursue the target; they just keep moving in a carefully calculated direction (keeping the angle between them and the moving target, say, an aircraft, unchanged) with a constant velocity to eventually smash into the target.One of the limitations of a basic proportional navigation system is its inability to cope with an accelerating target, i.e. I've thought about this a lot too and that's what I believe to be true, but I could be wrong. 0000023339 00000 n Why Hurricanes Spin AntiClockwise in North and Clockwise in Southern HemisphereWhy Is It Called "Dead" Sea? Why Does Everyone Float In This Sea?How to live without a heart or a brain - Lessons from a Jellyfish autopilot, and a guidance computer.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siouris, George M. Missile guidance and control systems / George M. Siouris.

the axis of the missile and its angle of attack, are usually not the same, as the missile sometimes skids as it flies through the air.Installed at the head of the missile is some type of tracking system, like a radar system (an active homing technique) that receives emissions from the target, or an infrared optical sensor that tracks and pursues the heat signature of the target (the IR sensor in the missile tracks the heat emitted by jet exhausts). These two axes, i.e. In order to address these operational issues, various enhanced versions of the basic proportional navigation system are used; these are known as Augmented Proportional Navigation (APN) guidance systems. 0