This federal-Land split means that the Federation (that is, the Federal Government) can make sure laws are enforced equally throughout the country, because it says what courts must be set up. It is customary for them to work initially on probation and then to be assigned to a certain court, although the court can change during one’s career. The specialised courts are the administrative courts, the finance courts, the labour courts and the social courts. Possible changes introduced in the original by the competent national authority may not be yet reflected in the translations. This is not the case when the case concerns a very specific matter and it applies to the exclusive jurisdiction. Types of courts – short description. The judicial system in Germany is made of ordinary courts, specialized courts (for administrative, labor or fiscal matters, for example) and constitutional courts. The European Commission accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to any information or data contained or referred to in this document. A judge in Germany must be a citizen and he is expected to pass two state examinations, the first after the completion of the academic studies and the second once the practical legal training is concluded. A specialist from our team of attorneys in Germany can give you more information about the specialized courts, according to the type of dispute. It is common to include an arbitration clause in service or business agreements because oftentimes this method yields satisfactory results with fewer costs and faster than in the case of court proceedings. In Germany, the court structure is divided between ordinary jurisdiction and specialised courts. The German Code of Civil Procedure is the legal resource for the civil litigation process in the country. Once the jurisdiction is determined, for example, if the case is administrative in nature, financial or social/labor related, the court of the first instance is determined by the amount of the dispute. The Länder (States of Germany) are run the lower levels of the court system; only the highest courts are paid for by the federal government.

General information on EU law, national Member State law and international lawGeneral information on case law at EU and national levelGeneral information on the organisation of justice at EU and national levelGeneral information on the types and organisation of legal professions at EU and national level as well as on various justice networksInformation on the European Judicial Network in civil and commercial mattersGuidelines and information on cross-border legal proceedings: from initiation to enforcementGeneral information on mediation at EU and Member State levelInformation on tools and facilities designed to facilitate the work of courts and justice practitioners at EU and national levelGeneral information on business, land and insolvency registers at EU and Member State levelGuidelines on how to to find a lawyer, notary, legal translator/interpreter or mediatorGeneral information on judicial training on EU law for legal practitioners opportunities and facilities at EU and Member State levelUser friendly on-line forms contained in legislation concerning civil and commercial mattersThis Atlas provides you with a user-friendly access to information relevant for judicial cooperation in civil matters In Germany, federal courts (Bundesgerichte, singular Bundesgericht) are courts which are established by federal law.According to article 92 of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, the judiciary power is exercised by the Federal Constitutional Court, the federal courts provided for in the Basic Law, and the courts of the Länder (Landesgerichte). The specialised courts are the administrative courts, the finance courts, the labour courts and the social courts. The general limitation period is three years.